Насчет баков - да, это конформные баки на Ф-15.
Насчет болтов - в тексте сказано "bolted", а не "screwed". Хотя это всё равно могли быть и винты в значении - "привинчены". Но это, наверное, не так уж принципиально важно.
Кстати, автор-то не журналист, а очень опытный и заслуженный морской летчик ВМС США, личный друг лучшего аса войны во Вьетнаме Рэнди Каннингхэма. В предисловии к книге автор благодарит летчиков-участников рейда (не называя их имен), на основе интервью с которыми он и написал эту книгу. Так что, хоть это, наверное, стопроцентно всё равно не гарантирует от ляпов (возможно оговорок), но всё же к словам этого человека надо подходить с большим доверием. Он - не журналюга, он сам военный летчик-профессионал.
И насчет высоты - если там всё-таки было 1700 м, то Назипыч, значит, прав в этом вопросе. Так?
Сегодня имел проблему с входом в инет, так что не переводил. Но раньше подобрал кое-какую инфу из разных книг, которую могу выложить, только без перевода, кроме куска в самом конце. Ну, да там всё и так предельно просто.
“On Falcon Wings: the F-16 story” (книга) by Lindsay Peacock.
UK: The Royal Air Force Benevolent Fund Enterprises, 1997.
p.85 – In February 1983, a follow-on purchase of 40 F-16A and 4 F-16B [by Belgium]
was announced. Although basically similar to previous examples, F-16A from this batch incorporated extended tail fairings (выступающие наплывы в хвосте). These were used to house internal ECM components. It was originally planned to incorporate the Rapport III system but eventually it was decided to install Carapace [Dassault Electronique Carapace – p.109].
p.102 — …many aircraft also feature an extended fairing at the base of the fin which contains a drag chute. [This is used by a number of foreign Air Forces.] Belgian F-16s have the extended fairing but it is used to house internal ECM boxes. [F-16A are meant here]
p.46 – Export aircraft generally conform to US configurations but sometimes do embody features that are not standard items on USAF Fighting Falcons. These include …the bulged spine on Israeli F-16D that accommodates additional avionics.
p.93 – The F-16 has been extensively modified in Israeli service with much locally produced electronic equipment being fitted as well as additional chaff / flare dispenser units. This process is perhaps best exemplified by the two-seat F-16D (called in Israel the Brakeet), since most (probably all) of the 54 examples delivered to the IDF/AF feature a prominent dorsal spine. Incorporated during manufacture at Fort Worth, this fairing contains avionics (possibly the Elisra SPS 300 ECM jamming system) permitting use in the defense suppression role.
p.39 – The sole AFTI F-16 (Advanced Fighter Technology Integration F-16 testbed) first flew on 10 July 1982. It ranks among the most extensively modified of all Fighting Falcons. Its additional avionics were also contained in a much enlarged dorsal spine that is similar to but by no means as large as that fitted to some Israeli F-16Ds.
p.45 – The aircraft [F-16C Block 40/42] had full Group A provisions for advanced internal electronic warfare (EW) systems.
p.109 – Internally-housed jamming systems are coming into favor. Noteworthy among them are the Dassault Electronique Carapace, Northrop Grumman AN/ALQ-162, Loral AN/ALQ-178(V)3 Rapport III and Elta EL/L-8240 (Israel). In view of this diversity, it may be said that while every F-16 operator is anxious to minimize the threat posed by ground-based defensive systems, there appears to be little consensus as to how this can best be accomplished.
p.106 – The F-16 is cleared for the use of the AGM-84 Harpoon.
p.108 – The F-16C/D models incorporate the AN/APG-68(V) pulse Doppler range and angle track radar which includes …ground mapping and the Block 50/52 have …DTS {Digital Terrain System). The F-16 is the first US aircraft to employ DTS. It involves using radar altimeter inputs, a digital terrain data base and terrain profile matching comparisons. DTS modes include: very accurate reference navigation, ground collision avoidance system, terrain following, obstacle warning and cueing, and passive air-to-ground ranging.
“Uncovering the Lockheed Martin F-16 A / B / C / D” (книга) by Danny Coremans & Nico Deboeck. Belgium: Daco Publications, 2001.
p.13 – The Rapport III ECM Threat Warning System is nowadays only in use on some of the Israeli F-16s. The Belgian F-16s were prepared to be equipped with this ECM system as well but the government stopped the project while in development. The housings were removed when the Carapace ECM system by Dassault was selected instead.
p.14 – The Carapace ECM pod [a small box underneath the fuselage] is only to be found on Belgian F-16s.
p.39 – The Belgian Air Force uses the larger base of the vertical tail to install part of its ECM system as does Israel on some of their F-16Cs.
“Modern Fighters” (книга) by Mike Spick. Washington, D.C., USA: Brassey’s, 2000.
p.107 — The F-16A was equipped with the Westinghouse APG pulse-Doppler multimode radar with 4 air-to-air modes and ranges against a fighter-sized target of 39 nm (72 km) in uplook and 26 nm (48 km) in downlook.
“Designed for the kill” (книга) by Mike Spick. UK: Airlife, 1995.
p.52 – The only visible change to the F-16C/D [compared to the A/B models] is the tail root housing, which was enlarged to contain 2 units of the ALQ-165 Advanced Self-Protection Jammer.
In its original form, the APG-66 had 11 modes, 4 of them air-to-air, the rest – air-to-surface or navigation. Of the air-to-air modes, uplook search utilized low prfs to detect medium or high flying targets at the longest possible range: about 39 nm (72 km) against a MiG-23 Flogger or 70 nm (130 km) against the huge Tu-95 Bear. Downlook search was a medium prf mode used against low flying targets. Downlook detection ranges were about 26 nm (48 km) against a Flogger and 54 nm (100 km) against a Bear.
The new APG-68 radar in the F-16C/D had its range of uplook and downlook search increased by a third, while a new mode – Velocity Search – allowed detection of head-on closing targets at up to 160 nm (300 km). Other new air-to-air modes were Range While Search and Track While Scan which could track up to 10 targets simultaneously. A track retention feature when looking down gave a certain amount of capability to continue tracking even when the target turned through 90-degree angle off.
New air-to-surface modes used synthetic aperture techniques to give Ground Moving Target Indication and Ground Moving Target Tracking.
Continuous wave guidance was provided for the SARH Sparrow while software changes allowed later Amraam to be carried.
The cockpit was modified to suit the new radar and other avionics with two multifunction displays and a wide angle HUD compatible with the LANTIRN (Low Altitude Navigation Targeting and Infra-Red for Night) pod, while providing an enhanced envelope gun sight.
“Modern Fighters” (книга) by Mike Spick. Washington, D.C., USA: Brassey’s, 2000.
p.108 – As at spring 1999, the Viper (Вайпер - змея Гадюка - летчики обычно так называют Ф-16 вместо Фалкон) has been credited with many air victories. The first was a Syrian Mi-8 helicopter, shot down with cannon fire by a young Israeli pilot on April 28, 1981. The first fast jet victim was a MiG-21 that fell to Israeli Amir Nahumi on July 14. In the Bekaa action of 1982, Nahumi accounted for 6 more Syrian aircraft to become the first F-16 ace.
The F-16 was credited with 44 air victories in this conflict.
The Viper’s air combat record to date is about 75 victories for no losses.
p.108 – The F-16B two-seater was fully combat-capable but with 17% less internal fuel (в количестве 5,785 lb – “Designed for the kill” by Mike Spick, p.52) to make room for the rear seat. The prototype flew in August 1977.
p.109 – The first major modification was the F-16C / D. Externally, the C / D variants differ from the A / B models in the tail root housing which was enlarged to house the ALQ-165 ECM gear.
“Two minutes over Baghdad” (книга) by Amos Perlmutter, Michael Handel and Uri Bar-Joseph.
London: Transworld Publishers, Ltd., 1982.
p.106 – In 1980, the IAF …was equipped with the most advanced ECM, mostly produced in Israel itself.
p.118 – In addition to a careful choice of the route to the target, the aircraft themselves, in particular the F-15s but possibly other special aircraft, were equipped with electronic countermeasures to blind the enemy’s radars. Nothing is known about the equipment but it can be assumed that much of it would have been made in Israel. Israeli sophistication in this most secret type of warfare is well known and is indicated by what little the Israelis choose to show at international air show exhibitions or on a commercial basis.
In addition to the Israeli-made equipment, the Israelis have obtained a large variety of American counter-electronic equipment. Judging by the results, the equipment used was highly successful and the aircraft were not detected on the way to the target. As we now know the raid came as a total surprise not only to the Iraqis but also to the Americans, Jordanians and the Saudis.
p.123 – The F-15s would carry advanced counter-electronic measures or jamming pods…
p.133 - …The special ECM devices in the F-15s were checked and rechecked.
Этот последний кусок всё же переведу:
Из книги «Две минуты над Багдадом».
Стр.106 – В 1980 г, ВВС Израиля ...были оснащены самыми новейшими средствами РЭБ, в основном произведенными в самом Израиле.
Стр.118 – Помимо тщательного выбора маршрута полета, сами самолеты, особенно Ф-15, но возможно и другие специально оборудованные самолеты, имели средства РЭБ для ослепления вражеских радаров. Ничего неизвестно об этих средствах, но можно предположить, что многие из них произведены в Израиле. Достижения израильтян в этой самой секретной сфере военной техники хорошо известны и понятны даже из того немногого, что они считают возможным показать на международных авиашоу или в коммерческих продажах.
В дополнение к своим средствам, израильтяне закупили большое кол-во разнообразного американского оборудования РЭБ. Судя по результатам применения этого оборудования, оно было очень успешным и самолеты не были обнаружены на пути к цели. Как мы теперь знаем, рейд был полной неожиданностью не только для иракцев, но также и для американцев, иорданцев и саудовцев.
Стр.123 – Ф-15 несли новейшие средства РЭБ или постановщики помех.
Стр.133 — ...специальные средства РЭБ на Ф-15 проверялись и перепроверялись.
Это сообщение редактировалось 23.05.2006 в 11:53