Где найти инфу по французским ДЭПЛ типа Agosta

Интересует подробная развернутая информация по характеристикам, развитию, модернизации и пр.
Ссылки на сайты где написано 2-3 строчки неинтересны...
ДЭПЛ типа Агоста имелись на вооружении 3 стран - Франция Испания Пакистан
Одну ПЛ передали Малазии для тренировки экипажа новой ДЭПЛ типа Scorpene.
Буду благодарен за любую информацию (лучше на мыло).
Либо за ссылки на конкретные номера Jain's и пр.

Ну например:

SSK AGOSTA 90B CLASS ATTACK SUBMARINE, FRANCE

The Agosta submarines designed by DCN of France, are currently in service with the French, Spanish and Pakistan navies. The Agosta 90B is an improved version featuring higher performance and a new combat system. The new submarine features a higher level of automation, which has resulted in the ship's crew being reduced from 54 to 36. Other improvements include a new battery for increased range, a deeper diving capability of 350m resulting from the use of new materials including HLES 80 steel, and a reduced acoustic signature through the installation of new suspension and isolation systems.

Three Agosta 90Bs were ordered by the Pakistan Navy in September 1994. The first, Khalid (S137), was built at DCN's Cherbourg yard and was commissioned in 1999. The second, Saad, was assembled at Karachi Naval Dockyard and launched in August 2002. The third, Hamza, which is being constructed and assembled in Karachi, is scheduled to complete in 2005. Work on the vessel was halted following a terrorist attack in May 2002, which killed 11 French engineers in Karachi, but has since restarted. The third submarine is being fitted with the MESMA air independent propulsion system, which will be retrofitted to the first two. The MESMA AIP has successfully completed Pakistan Navy acceptance trials.

Pakistan has been given a license by DCN to offer commercial production of the submarines to potential customers.

SUBTICS COMMAND AND CONTROL SYSTEM

The Agosta 90B submarines are being equipped with a SUBTICS fully integrated combat system. This is supplied by UDS International, a joint subsidiary of DCN International and Thales (formerly Thomson-CSF). SUBTICS processes signals from the submarine's sensors, determines the tactical situation by track association, fusion, synthesis, trajectory plotting and management and handles all weapon command and control functions.

TORPEDOES

The Agosta 90B submarine is fitted with four bow 533mm torpedo tubes and has the capacity to carry a mixed load of up to 16 torpedoes and missiles. The submarine can be equipped with the ECAN F17 Mod 2 torpedo, which is a wire-guided torpedo with active and passive homing to a range of 20km. The torpedo delivers a 250kg warhead to a depth of 600m.
MBDA EXOCET SM39 MISSILES

The Agosta 90B is equipped with the torpedo tube launched MBDA (formerly EADS Aerospatiale) Exocet SM39 missile. Target range and bearing data is downloaded into the Exocet's computer. The missile approaches the target area in sea-skimming mode using inertial navigation and then active radar homing. The missile approaches the target at speeds over Mach 0.9 and range is 50km. Exocet has a 165kg high-explosive shaped charge warhead.

ELECTRONIC WARFARE

The Agosta 90B submarines are being equipped with the Thales DR-3000U radar warning receiver, operating in D to K bands. The system uses a masthead antenna array with omnidirectional and monopulse directional antennae and a separate periscope warning antenna.

SENSOR SUITE

The submarine is fitted with a Thales Underwater Systems (formerly Thomson Marconi Sonar) TSM 223 sonar suite, which includes bow-mounted sonar and towed sonar arrays, SAGEM periscopes and navigation system and Thales I-band navigation radar.

PROPULSION SYSTEMS

The Agosta 90B class submarines can be equipped with a diesel-electric propulsion system or the MESMA air-independent propulsion system. The diesel-electric system consists of two SEMT-Pielstick 16 PA4 V 185 VG diesels providing 3,600hp and a 2200kW electric motor driving a single propeller..

A diesel-electrical submarine has to surface to periscope depth to recharge the batteries using the diesel engine, leading to increased risk of detection. The MESMA air-independent propulsion system, being fitted to the Agosta 90B submarines for Pakistan, allows the submarine to remain submerged three times longer. The MESMA system consists essentially of a turbine receiving high-pressure steam from a combustion chamber, burning a gaseous mixture of ethanol and liquid oxygen. The Agosta 90B's performance remains the same in all other respects, except that the length increases from 67m to 76m and submerged displacement from 1,760t to 2,050t.

www.naval-technology.com/projects/agosta/index.html


Khalid Class (Fr Agosta 90B)

Agosta and Daphne-class conventional attack submarines have been in service in PN since the 1970s. In the early 1990s, the Navy reviewed its fleet and decided that it needed three new-generation submarine. On 21 September 1994, the Pakistani authorities and DCN International signed a contract in Islamabad for the supply of three Agosta 90-B submarines. Key provisions of this contract called for the production of two Agosta 90Bs in Karachi as part of a progressive technology transfer program.

Agosta 90-B is a state of the art Submarine with latest sensors and combat system. This thoroughly updated platform features a Mesma Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) system, new materials (hull made of HLES 80 Steel), a new layout (rearranged subsections), and a vast array of new equipment. According to the US Navy standard, this type of submarine is a classical SSK whose weaponry consist of torpedoes, mines and anti ship SM-39 Exocet missiles. The submarine is fitted with the most modern command and control systems and can dive below 300-meters.

Pakistan and DCN France signed a contract for 3 Agosta 90-B submarines on 21 September 1994 and was valued at 5,4 billion francs (~ 775 million dollars). Financing for the contract rested on credit given to Pakistan by France and while allowing France to export the submarines nonetheless resulted in significant financial losses.

Under the contract, one submarine was to be built in France while the remaining two were to be built indigenously in Pakistan. The first unit, "Khalid," was built in Cherbourg and delivered to Pakistan in 1999-2000. The Khalid is named after Hazrat Khalid Bin Walid, a successful military commanders of Islam who was bestowed the title of 'Saif Ullah' by the Holy Prophet. The second unit, "Saad," was begun in Cherbourg and sent to the Karachi Dockyard for modular assembly in 2000. The third unit, "Hamza," will be manufactured entirely in Karachi.

Compared to the Hashmat class (Agosta 70) submarines, the Khali classs (Agosta 90B) reportedly has a 200-400 percent increased submerged range. The KHALID comes armed with the SM-39 Exocet submarine launched anti-ship missiles (AShM) with a range of 50 Km. Launched from beneath the surface, an AShM gives a submarine valuable manoeuvring time after firing the missile and is inherently more dangerous than a torpedo. This capability is currently not available with the Indian Navy.

PN Dockyard is the lead yard for the AGOSTA 90B construction Project and started functioning as a Base Engineering Organization at the time of independence of Pakistan in 1947 before venturing into Naval construction in the early 1980's to fulfill a number of Pakitan Navy requirements.

The construction activities being undertaken other than this program of pressure hull are fabrication of Ballast Panels, seating, pipes, routing of cables, connections for integration and setting to work of various onboard equipment installation of misc. mechanical and structural items. Most of these activities required very high degree of precision both during fabrication and installation.

In order to maintain desired hydrodynamic shape and alignment of ballast panels in particular, is technically a highly complex job and requires use of sophisticated theodilities and optical alignment equipment. Entire construction activity including outfitting work onboard the submarine involves quality control checks at every stage. Non conformity reports are initiated for slightest errors or deviations from procedures/stringent tolerances.

This quality control system which is augmented by external quality assurance i.e. both PMOD & French state ensures that ISO-9002 criteria's are met within strict standards set by French on SMI in totality by their Pakistani counter parts in PN Dockyard.

Because of the complexity involved, Submarine construction program requires a wide and strong industrial infrastructure surrounding it, such as electro-mechanical machinery, steel processing, electrical and electronics, computer hardware and software, paints, structure and pipes manufacturing etc. A strong support from the industry with willingness to invest in R&D was required while at the same time, there was a need to identify those items that could be considered for local manufacturing due to considerations such as: a) Availability of technical details like specifications/data; B) Availability of technical know how; c) Availability/possibility of setting up necessary infrastructure locally; and d) Rough estimate of its economic viability.

Thorough analysis and research was carried-out to select the probable items for development in local market. It meant looking into detailed specifications of each selected item as well as requirement of special facilities, skills, materials etc. that may be available in the local industry. In pursuance of exploring the local industry, a number of companies were contacted to undertake the fabrication of onboard machinery including various types of pumps, motor and AC units installed on board AGOSTA 90B submarine.

The available data was provided to these firms for study and analysis. On the feedback received a few reputed companies showed their interest and initial discussion revealed great potential in the market. PN Dockyard will be able to provide complete details of the equipment including material specification/size and capacities required for development.

Pipe Manufacturing was also a field which was considered for local manufacturing exploitation. A market survey revealed as well that there were a number of companies, which had the capability to manufacture cables. A number of firms were contacted and provided with specifications.

The cost effect of above exercise, if successful, can be gauged from the fact that the Kit of material for one Submarine costs 1 Billion Fr.F. Even if 1/4th of the total items are locally produced, more than 250 million Fr.F would be going into the local industry for only one submarine.

The Karachi-built Khalid class Agosta 90B (the third one to joing the Pakistani Navy) will integrate a new propulsion unit developed by the French Direction des Constructions Navales (DCN), the MESMA closed-cycle steam-turbine AIP system. The other two Khalid class submarines will later be retrofitted with that propulsion unit.

The indigenous construction of the Agosta 90B in Pakistan has reportedly led the country to consider building the vessels for export, resulting in competition with the French shipyard. As of mid-2002, Pakistan was reportedly already in the process of negotiating such sales with three Asian countries.

Due to the technology involved with the construction of the vessels, and the technical difficulties encountered by the Karachi Shipyards, the presence of 80 French engineers and technicians was deemed necessary. On May 8, 2002, 11 of French citizens providing assistance to the Karachi Dockyard were killed when their bus was hit by a car filled with explosives.

http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/khalid.htm


P.S. Либо за ссылки на конкретные номера Jain's и пр.
Jane's

Эту информацию я накопал одной из первых... :huh:
Но всё равно спасибо!
Мало ли кто наталкивался в Jainе на откровенщину какую про "французов". Что и когда модернизировалось - чем по электроннике отличаются "французы" от "испанцев".
Тут общие характеристики и всё... И кстати про Agosta 90B.
А вот про ее предшественницу Agoste 70- что-нибудь поподробнее узнать...
(Испанский вариант S70 - Galerna)
Как проектировщики пришли от Agosta70 к Agosta90B.
Тут не всё так просто и altavista всё секреты сразу не выдаст

Интересно, но во французских источниках вообще мало путного пишут про свой ВМФ. А лодки, особенно атомные , секретны настолько, что впору сравнивать со временами Союза.

SECTION : COUNTERMEASURES - ELECTRONIC WARFARE
COUNTRY : France

TITLE : DR 3000 U ESM system

TEXT :
Type
Submarine ESM system.

Description
The DR 3000 series is available in a number of variants. The submarine
version is the DR 3000 U, French Navy designation ARUR 13. The surface
ship configuration equips the French navy 'La Fayette' class frigates and
nuclear-powered aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle as well as ships of
several foreign navies.
  The DR 3000 U is a fully automatic system providing 360є coverage over
an elevation arc of -10є to + 45є in the C to J frequency bands. It uses
GaAs technology and radar identification algorithms developed in an expert
system, supplemented with a high- IFM receiver. The lightweight (150 kg)
system uses autonomous air cooling of low-power consumption units.
Features include: a high probability of intercept against modern radars;
high sensitivity (said to be up to -68 dBmi with a dynamic range of 60 dB)
providing range advantage compared with other systems; accurate
direction-finding; and reliable instantaneous identification of radars and
platforms. The DR 3000 U can operate in a high-pulse density of up to
1 million pulses per second. The emitter library can store data on up to
4,000 radar models related to 192 platforms. Using special signal
processing algorithms, DR 3000 U is claimed to offer high dependability in
the presence of unknown signals, ensuring instant and appropriate response
(launching of decoys or jamming operation) in the presence of unclassified
threat transmitters.
  DR3000 missions include radar threat warning, tactical situation
build-up and updating, target designation, ECM control and ELINT.
  The DR 3000 is offered in a variety of configurations. The basic system
comprises six antennas, a reception and processing unit and a display
console. Different types of antennas are available, including a
lightweight periscope miniature aerial, small standard DF antenna and a
high-accuracy DF unit. The associated console is a high-definition colour
TV display. A bus interface is provided to facilitate integration of the
DR 3000 U unit with multipurpose consoles in different submarine combat
systems.

Operational status
In production. In service aboard French nuclear submarines and equips the
new 'Agosta-90B' submarines for Pakistan. Over 90 systems are currently in
service in 14 navies.

TITLE : Agosta class

TEXT :
Type
Diesel-electric patrol submarine.

Description
The `Agosta' features a circular outer hull of 6.8 m maximum, which
surrounds the pressure hull. At the bow the cross-section of the outer
hull narrows to an oval shape, ensuring the minimum underwater
hydrodynamic resistance. Considerable efforts have been made to reduce
self-generated noise resulting in a clean, streamlined casing and noise
damping of all equipment. An array of 36 hydrophones is fitted all around
the hull to measure the radiated noise level and provide immediate
identification of areas of self-generated noise.
  The boats are armed with four bow torpedo tubes fitted with a pneumatic
ram discharge system. The tubes allow weapon discharge, irrespective of
the speed of the submarine, down to its maximum diving depth. The design
also incorporates a rapid reload system. Units of the French Navy have
been modified to fire the Aerospatiale submarine-launched SM 39 Exocet
anti-ship missile. The Pakistan units were modified in 1985 to fire the
Sub-Harpoon missile, but the USA has banned sales of this equipment to
Pakistan and any missiles Pakistan may have acquired must now be
considered to be beyond their shelf life as they have had no support.
  Fire control is exercised through a single, centralised computer using
the DLA 2A system. This features an automatic navigational plotting
system. Sensors include an 8 kHz active search/attack DUUA 2D sonar,
passive ranging and passive towed array sonars. Arur and Arud intercept
and warning systems are also fitted, except in the Spanish boats which are
fitted with the British Manta system.
  The propulsion system comprises two SEMT-Pielstick 16 PA4 V 185 VG
diesels developing 2.65 MW driving two Jeumont Scheider 1.7 MW
alternators. A single water-cooled 3.4 MW electric motor with double
armature directly drives the propeller. There is no intermediate clutch in
order to reduce noise level to a minimum. In addition, a 23 kW electric
motor is provided for cruise speeds. The two independent banks of
batteries of 320 elements use an electrolyte agitation system with water
circuit cooling to extend service life and improve efficiency. Two 850 kW
generators on flexible mountings provide hotel services, the alternating
current being provided by means of five converter sets with two
solid-state inverters.
  The space between the external and pressure hull accommodates four pairs
of ballast tanks. On diving, the air in each pair of tanks is released by
a vent valve operated from the central control position. The expulsion of
water ballast, likewise operated from this position, is effected by means
of compressed air. The two bow tanks are also provided with a special
blowing system which, in the event of excessive dip, makes possible the
rapid expulsion of the water ballast from the bow, even at great depth.
  A single operator facing the bows exercises submarine control. The
joystick control operates simultaneously the steering, rudder and depth
rudder in coupled control. Opposite the operator are various indicators
and a synthesiser presenting a symbolic image on the screen enabling the
pilot to move the control intuitively.
  The steering and diving systems functions in either:

  - automatic control (steering and diving)
  - manual computer assisted control
  - manual and emergency control

Crew accommodation includes a bunk for every crew member each with
ventilation and light. The boats are fully air conditioned for operation
in the tropics and are equipped with oxygen generating units and
independent CO_2 absorption units. Air is conditioned by two installations
generating 27,000 frigories/hour, which are used to cool the vessel.
During diving, air is regenerated through the chemical burning and
absorption of CO_2 granules based on soda-rich lime.
  The `Agosta 90B', building for Pakistan, is an improved variant of the
basic `Agosta' class already in service with the Pakistan Navy. The boats
feature higher performance and a new combat system, the UDS SUBTICS
6-console integrated combat system with an associated sonar suite
comprising cylindrical bow, flank, ranging and intercept arrays, an active
array and a clip-on towed array. The ESM system is the DR-3000U. A SAGEM
Minicin Mk 3 inertial navigation unit will aid navigation. Propulsion is
provided by two SEMT Pielstick PA4.185 SM 850 kW diesel engines and a
Jeumont Industrie single 2,200 kW electric propulsion motor, mounted on a
new suspension for quieter running. A new battery system developed by CEAC
and comprising two 160-cell units offers increased range capability.
Control of the boat will be carried out with the SAGEM SS Mk 1 control
station to control heading and submersion either manually or through the
autopilot. The last boat in the series will be fitted with the MESMA AIP
system (which will extend the hull length by 9 m). This system will also
be retrofitted to the first two boats in the series. These units will also
have much improved acoustic quieting and a fully integrated sonar suite
including flank, intercept and towed arrays. The hulls are being
constructed of HLES 80 steel (equivalent to HY100) that should allow the
boats to reach diving depths of 350 m. Armament consists of four torpedo
tubes with space for 16 weapons including a mix of F17 Mod 2 torpedoes and
EXOCET SM 39 anti-ship missiles. Two weapons can be simultaneously
controlled in any combination being fired with a pneumatic ram discharge
system.
  A feature of this new `Agosta' design is the reduced crew requirement.
This has been reduced from the 54 of the earlier design to 36 including
just seven officers. The control room watch has been reduced from 13 to
nine of which five man the combat system and four carry out platform
management operations.

Operational status
The `Agosta' design is operational in service with the French, Pakistan
and Spanish navies, and an updated variant, the `Agosta 90B', has been
ordered by the Pakistan Navy to replace its ageing `Daphne' class and the
first boat is now in service. `Agosta' class units of the French Navy have
paid off. Spanish Navy units are being modernised with new weapon
fire-control systems, towed array sonars, new ESM and periscopes with IR
imaging capability.

PAKISTAN
Work is well under way on the construction of the three new 'Agosta 90B'
class boats. The first boat, Khalid, is now operational and the second
boat was laid down in Karachi on 2 December 1999. The third will be built
entirely in Pakistan. The first MESMA AIP system has been accepted and
will be transhipped to Pakistan where it will be installed in the third
'Agosta' boat the Hamza. The two earlier boats will then be retrofitted
with the AIP system. These boats are fitted to fire anti-ship missiles.
Four 'Daphne' class submarines and three midgets are also operational
although the 'Daphnes' will be progressively decommissioned as the
'Khalid' class enters service.

TITLE : MESMA

TEXT :
Type
AIP closed Rankine-cycle engine.

Description
The MESMA (Module d'Energie Sous Marine Autonome) closed, cycle engine is
being developed by DCN (prime contractor, secondary loop and systems
integration) in partnership with Bertin Technologie (combustion chamber
and primary loop), l'Air Liquide (LOX storage and cryogenic pumps), Izar
(ethanol storage and integration), Thermodyn (turbine) and Technicatome
(safety aspects). The system features a heat generation loop integrated
with a Rankine-cycle steam turbine.
  In the MESMA system, thermal energy is produced by the combustion of a
gaseous mixture of liquid oxygen and ethanol (C_2H_5OH). The liquid oxygen
is stored cryogenically at low temperature (-185є C) and low pressure
(that is in liquid form at two to 10 bar) before being pumped into a
vaporiser which increases pressure to 60 bar and turns it into gaseous
form before combustion. In the combustion chamber the gaseous oxygen is
mixed with ethanol to produce a thermal output of 700є C with a thermal
energy of about 300 Whe/kg at around 60 bar. This thermal energy is used
to heat a secondary circuit. The gases are passed through a heat exchanger
(producing steam at 500є C and 18 bar pressure) and a steam generator. The
secondary circuit comprises a conventional steam-driven Rankine-cycle
turbine (steam generator, turbine generator and condenser) which is used
to drive a high-speed turbo alternator-rectifier to supply DC electrical
energy for the batteries, the propulsion plant and ancillaries. The oxygen
and ethanol flow rates are monitored so that power production can be
varied according to the submarine's requirements. Operating at about 95
per cent efficiency the steam turbine has an output ranging between 150
and 600 kW. Having passed through the steam generator and heater the hot
gases are expelled directly outside the submarine at 60 bar pressure,
which allows discharge at any diving depth without the use of an auxiliary
pump. Part of these gases are bled off at the exit of the steam generator
and returned to the combustion chamber to regulate its temperature.
  The liquid oxygen and ethanol are stored separately in a dedicated
section of the boat. The system has a high discretion value resulting from
the silent and continuous combustion, the action of the high-speed turbine
generator, and the constant-pressure waste disposal configuration. Because
the system uses rotating rather than reciprocating machinery, the
generation of LF machinery noise is virtually eliminated.
  The MESMA module incorporates all the necessary command and control
functions. It can be controlled locally through programmable logic
controllers or remotely through the boat's IPMS. Using the IPMS, the
operator can switch the AIP module on or off, monitor performance, and
change the power setting from its main control room.
  With an output of around 200 kW, the MESMA AIP allows a submerged
submarine to increase its submerged endurance by a factor of around five
at a speed of 4 kt.
  An 8 to 10 m hull section will house the entire MESMA closed-cycle
system in two modules, one for the LOX tank and one for the steam
generator.

Operational status
Combustion tests on a 30-tonne core steam land-based prototype module of
the MESMA AIP have been carried out by DCN. Full prototype testing of the
MESMA system commenced in May 1998 with the first production system tested
in the latter part of 1999. The LOX tank was installed in a hull
subsection of the third Agosta 90B type submarine (the Hamza, formerly the
Ghazi) for Pakistan on 18 April 2000. The steam generator was delivered in
June 2000. The first production module (a 200 kW unit) has been accepted
by Pakistan. The module will now be shipped to Karachi for insertion into
the third Agosta 90B unit. A further two systems will then be installed in
the previous two 'Agosta 90B' boats.

Упс! Адресок не подскажешь или источник откуда черпал?
Тут похоже кое-что новенькое...
И то что надо...
Где накопал?

[quote|KKK_R, 14.02.2004 22:20:03 :]Упс! Адресок не подскажешь или источник откуда черпал?
[/quote]

Разные Джейны - журналы и справочники...

Французские лодки моденизировались в 1980-х гг под MM39 и видимо тогда же под запуск как 533 мм, так и 550 мм торпед из ТА.

Испанские лодки модернизировались в 90-х гг:

The periscopes were modified for night vision, new tubular-plate batteries were substituted, new diesel engine exhaust valves were fitted, and noise-reduction measures were undertaken.

All but S73 received INISEL/MEL Manta EW suite during mid-life "ACRUX" refits beginning 3-93 with S71; in addition, the DLA-2A (CIMSA 15/Mitra-125) torpedo fire-control system was modified to launch the F 17 Mod.2 torpedo, and the sonar suites were upgraded. S73 ran trials during spring 1991 with the Thomson-Sintra clip-on DSUV 62 towed passive linear hydrophone array, but it was not purchased; instead, the SOLARSUB (SOnar de Largo Alcance Remolcato SUBmarino, or Long-Range Towed Sonar, Submarine) is being developed, and trials began with S 73 on 26-2-98. The prototype SOLARSUB used Australian Thomson-Marconi Narawa towed components.