Зенитные снаряды с радиовзрывателями

Однако, лостики пишут, что снаряды зарядили в Ка-52 и он резко улучшил отстрел дальних дронов.

О некоторых технических проблемах радиоламп в американских дистанционных взрывателях ВМВ.


ROBERT HOWARD, "Connecting the dots" (мемуары)

DuRING MY TWO YEARS as the manager of the Advanced
Development Group at Sylvania, we had numerous innovative
projects become rather successful products, mostly in the field
of smaller, cheaper, lower power output products like the klystron.
One very important military product that I supervised
was an attempt to improve the reliability of shells shot from
antiaircraft guns, which neither the British nor the Americans
had been successful in doing. Antiaircraft guns fire thousands
of shells, but only a miniscule percentage hit their target. Very
often the shells would pass very near the planes they were
intended to hit, but ended up either going off too far above or
below their target because the fuze was preset in terms of time,
distance, and altitude as it was loaded into the gun.
Then a new device came along, called the proximity fuze,
which could sense when the shell was near enough to its target
and explode. The shell contained a micro-transmitter that
emitted at a specific frequency and used the shell tip as an
antenna. Then, as the shell approached a reflecting object, an
interference pattern would be created that would eventually
trigger the detonation. The problem was that the klystron-like,
ultra-high-frequency oscillator tube in the nose of each
antiaircraft shell failed to operate more than 90 percent of the time
when the prototypes were being tested. What was needed was a
new tube that could withstand not only the high g-forces that
were created by the firing of the shell but the centrifugal forces
caused by the spinning of the shell as well.
Picked to be the project manager on this monumental
task, I quickly recognized that we needed a way to subject the
filament in the proximity fuze to g-forces while on a test
bench in the laboratory. Out of this need I developed a vacuum
tube I named the Accelerometer that could ride along
with the filament to be tested in a centrifuge. By simulating
the forces of being fired in the shell on a test bench in the
laboratory, we could quickly test many different designs and
determine what needed to be changed to permit the filament
in the fuze to work reliably when a shell was fired from an
antiaircraft gun.

The problem was that, when exposed to g-forces and centrifugal force, +
the V-shaped filament in the proximity fuze would break because it was taut.
The solution my team of engineers and I came up with was what I called
the mousetrap filament. Basically we attached a spring to the end of the filament,
which gave the filament some flexibility. That way, when the
shell with the proximity fuze was shot out of the gun, the
mousetrap’s spring would collapse and let the filament sag. But
as soon as the shell stopped accelerating, the spring would snap
back and hold the filament in its proper position.
The proximity fuze with my mousetrap filament was put to
use in 1945, before the end of the war.