Интересующимся в качестве ликбеза по теме, для понимания базовых принципов и некоторых опорных фактов, можно порекомендовать книжку:
Gurtuna, Fundamentals of Space Business and Economics, 2013
This Springer book is published in collaboration with the International Space
University. At its central campus in Strasbourg, France, and at various locations
around the world, the ISU provides graduate-level training to the future leaders of
the global space community. The university offers a 2-month Space Studies
Program, a 5-week Southern Hemisphere Program, a 1-year Executive MBA and a
1-year Masters program related to space science, space engineering, systems engineering,
space policy and law, business and management, and space and society.
This book is written with two main audiences in mind. First and foremost, it is for
space professionals who are interested in better understanding the core economics
and business concepts applicable to space. Second, it is also for readers who have a
business or economics background and a general interest in space.
Книжка небольшая, всего 100 стр., не бог весть что, вещи по большей части описаны довольно очевидные.
Прямо скажем, при таком пафосном введение и заведении с претензией на глубокую профессиональность можно было бы и получше написать. Впрочем, кажется, заведение какое-то самопальное, не под эгидой ЕКА, и его взаимоотношения с космическими агентствами непонятны - ну да не суть, повторюсь, в качестве ликбеза норм.
Несмотря на то, что вещи по большей части описаны довольно очевидные, как показывает форумная (и не только) практика, многие очевидные и даже тривиальные вещи очевидны далеко не всем. Бывают какие-то барьеры понимания или недостаток опыта понимания в некоторых областях. А у Гуртуны всё в одну кучку собрано, так что для затравки сгодится.
Экстрактно, ключевые тезисы (хотя ряд из них и не стоит внимания):
Top Ten Things to Know About Space Business and Economics
1. Cost is not equal to price. The space industry is moving towards fixed-price
contracts and established companies need to adapt to this new market reality.
Increasingly, products and services will be priced based on the value they offer
to customers, regardless of how much they cost to build.
2. Space professionals need to better “market” space activities. They need to
develop a more effective marketing mix and communicate the benefits of their
projects clearly.
3.
Government is still the biggest customer. As the industry matures, private sector
is steadily increasing its clout. Companies such as SpaceX have proven that
they can provide access to LEO. But it remains to be seen if this will result in
any actual cost savings. Other projects such as Orbital Science’s Antares/Cynus
and Stratolaunch Systems must prove their viability to convert isolated successes
into a true historic trend.
4. When it comes to risk and space, perhaps the greatest risk we are facing is not to
invest in space-based capabilities at all. Without understanding planetary evolution
by studying our planetary neighbors we may never fully grasp the reasons
and consequences of climate change. Without keeping a close eye on NEOs, we
can never be sure that Earth is safe from an imminent collision. Therefore, risk
of inaction will always be more than the risk of space exploration.
5.
A private space venture still needs to work with the government. As long as the
government assumes the role of an anchor tenant or loyal customer, it is possible
to generate revenues in the early years. This is clearly illustrated by the
multi- billion dollar contracts that NASA has with SpaceX and Orbital Science
to resupply the International Space Station.
6. We are moving from a global to a “planetary” economy. In the long-run, it is
possible that there will be demand and supply centers in various points of our
Solar System. If, one day, there are human settlements on the Moon, Mars,
and other planetary bodies, the destination problem will be completely solved
and access to space will be a necessity. In the short term, the viability of
point-to-point suborbital transportation on Earth will be a true test of a sustainable
and profi table market for human spaceflight.
7. Portfolio diversification works quite well for the private sector, with its expertise
in replicating many “missions” and managing fi nancial risk through launch
insurance and other means. However, the catastrophic risk of losing lives seriously
limits the use of portfolio-based methods for human spaceflight.
8. Some of the challenges outlined in this book can actually be great business
opportunities. For example, space ventures aimed at solving the space debris
risks can be very interesting for governmental and private sector customers.
9. Conventional financing methods such as venture capital and private equity are
generally not applicable to space ventures. Thus, identifying and implementing
innovative ways of fi nancing is critical for the success of a space venture.
10. It’s not all about business. What we learn through space activities can be exactly
what we need to benefit from the vast natural resources of the universe and
further expand our civilization. Space can help us enormously in understanding
Earth as a “system of systems” and developing its resources in a sustainable
manner.