Электронное оборудование ракет - БРЭО,часть XIV

Вот здесь
Украинский ракетомоделизм
Выложены предложения ФАИ по использованию электронных высотомеров на чемпионате МИРА и ЕВРОПЫ.
Кто может прокоментировать и дать свое (как специалиста) заключение.

LOCAL RULES
FOR THE CONTEST PROCESS IN SPACE MODELS ALTITUDE COMPETITION IN CLASSES
S1 AND S5
( ANNEX 1 TO THE BULLETIN NO 1. FOR THE FAIWORLD SPACE MODELS CHAMPIONSHIPS 2010 )
repared in conjunction with work by experts, for electronic altimeters application
in altitude classes S1 and S5 contests, of National Association of Rocketry – NAR (USA)
These rules are prepared in compliance with the FAI Sporting Code, Part 4, Volume ABR par. B.5.2 by
experts for electronic altimeters application in altitude classes contests of National Association of Rocketry –
NAR (USA) based on eight year of competition experience represented by about 10.000 successfull flights.
Contests in altitude classes with electronic altimeters were held successfully also in Poland, Romania,
Slovenia, Serbia and Great Britain since 2007. These rules are recommended by the CIAM Space Models
Subcommittee for application in the FAI World Space Models Championships 2010 to be held from 21 to 28
August, 2010 in Irig (Serbia) as clarification of the FAI SC4 Vol SM par. 4.9.2.1. on safety matters and are
being submitted to the CIAM Bureau for approval to be used in these Championships.
INTRODUCTION
Altitude spacemodelling classes are among the oldest competition classes and have been flown for almost 50
years. Altitude measurements began with very simple, hand-made devices with two rules and a protractor.
Later military artilery theodolites TZK were used, particularly in East European countries. Recently these
instrument have become unavailable, except in Slovakia, and now sophisticated surveying theodolites are
used. However, they proved unsuitable for reliable tracking of flying objects, so reliability of tracking
decreased from more than 90%, when old TZK were used, to 35% to 80% depending on weather conditions,
position of sun, skill of tracking crew etc. This is not satisfactory for FAI Class 1 events. Also, with theodolites
a long time is needed for pre-flight preparation for tracking and data reduction. Electronic altimeters, based on
barometric air pressure change, have proved simple to use, reliable and accurate (errors of 1 to 2%) and with
read-out of result immediately available after model's retrieval. Therefore it is necessary to transfer from
triangulation to electronic method of altitude measurements.
ELECTRONIC ALTITUDE MEASUREMENTS BASICS
The density of air varies with pressure and the altitude above sea level. Mean absolute pressure at sea level
is approx 760 mm Hg (101.325 kPa) with a variation of about ± 5%. This figure is defined at 0 0C and is the
so called STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure). Both temperature and altitude affect barometric
pressure. In rough terms the air pressure decreases 1% for each 100 meters due the elevation increase. An
electronic sensor converts this change of air pressure into an electric signal that is memorized in the
altimeter's memory and read after retrieval of the model. There are simple devices that give the result by light
flashes or by audio signals and more sophisticated ones that need special software and laptop to read the
result. These sophisticated ones can memorize more detailed data on competitors and more flights with
numerical presentation of data and graphical presentaton of model’s trajectory. In both cases read-out of
result is in terms of seconds.
ELECTRONIC ALTIMETERS TO BE USED IN ALTITUDE CONTESTS AND AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT
Electronic Altimeters to be used in Altitude Contests shall fullfil the following conditions:
1. They must fully comply with technical specifications for the electronic altimeters specified in the FAI
Sporting Code, Part 4, Volume SM, par. 4.9.2.1.
2. All altimeters to be used in an altitude contest shall be of the same type and delivered by the same
producer after the organiser has tendered offers from more than one producer and selected the best
offer.
3. They shall be produced by and purchased from a qualified producer of electronic altimeters, preferably
carrying a certificate of the NAC of the manufacturer's country.
4. Each altimeter shall have an internal code that represents its serial number. Whenever the altimeter is
powered-off and then on, with its reset button depressed, it will output its serial number.
5. The altimeters shall be based on modern electronic technology and as small and light as possible. It shall
weigh less than 8 grams packed, including battery. The altimeter dimensions should allow installation into
a housing that has minimum dimensions of 11 mm diameter by 50 mm long. The altimeter housing must
form an integral part of the model design.
6. All electronic altimeters to be used in Altitude Contests at FAI 1st class events shall be calibrated at
producer's premises and shall have the calibration certificates, with serial numbers, of all delivered
devices. They will also be re-calibrated after receipt by the contest organizer and all devices that deviate
from specified values shall be returned to the producer at his expense.
7. The altimeters shall be subjected to a recalibration test at the flying field. The producer is obliged to
deliver a calibration tool that shall allow calibration of all altimeters simultaneously. Testing altitudes shall
be 300 m, 600 m and 1200 m.
8. The producer shall also deliver detachable and rechargeable batteries as power supplies for altimeters of
such capacity to be able to function for at least two hours before being re-charged.
9. The producer shall deliver sufficient number of chargers to re-charge a number of batteries equal or more
than number of altimeters in use.
10. The producer is obliged to deliver precise written instructions for calibration, preparation of altimeters for
flight, read-out and batteries and battery chargers in use. These instructions shall call the attention of the
user to any matters of safety or reliability.
Overall equipment to be delivered for one altitude contest shall be:
1. Number of delivered altimeters shall be at least equal to the greatest number of registered competitors
in altitude classes for that contest plus 25% extra as reserve altimeters.
2. Number of batteries delivered shall be two times the number of delivered altimeters.
3. Number of chargers shall be such to allow simultaneous charging of batteries for all altimeters in use.
4. One calibration tool shall be such as to allow simultaneous calibration of all altimeters in use.
ALTIMETER GUIDLINES AND COMPETITION TIPS
An altimeter must be mounted in a 'sealed' chamber with a vent or vents to outside. A sealed bulkhead below
is necessary to avoid the vacuum caused by the aft end of a rocket or pressure pulses from the motor ejection
charge. A sealed bulkhead above the altimeter chamber is necessary to avoid any pressure fluctuations that
may be caused by the nose cone of the rocket. A vent (or a static port) to the outside of the rocket also must
be in an area with no obstacles that may cause turbulent airflow. Vents must be neat and burr free and on an
outside surface that is smooth and vertical and where the airflow is without turbulence. Multiple ports evenly
spaced around the space model’s tube may help to cancel effect of a strong ground wind. If multiple ports are
used it should be three or four (never two). General guidline for one vent hole is 3mm in diameter (or
equivalent area if multiple smaller holes are used). For space models in the FAI events, vent holes should be
one to two body diameters below the junction of the nosecone and space model’s body.
It is very important that the altimeter housing is properly positioned on the rocket and vented as explained
above. The altimeter shall be fixed to avoid it rattling when in flight.
Also important:
•Avoid black as a color of the model because of increased heating of black surface by sun that may
have an influence on electronics.
•Take care about ambient temperature and let the model cool if taken out of a hot place.
•Always use fresh, fully charged batteries.
FLYING FIELD PERSONNEL FOR ALTITUDE CONTESTS
Flying field personnel for Altitude Contests shall be similar to that in duration contests and shall consists of:
•Range Safety Officer and his deputy,
•Two launch site monitors (who can be time-keepers in duration classes) at each launch site,
•Four field monitors equaly distributed within the recovery area.
•Two Altimeter Controllers at Altimeter Management Station responsible for; impounded altimeters,
distribution of altimeters, managing the control log and documenting altimeter check-out and check-in.
•Computer center personnel for recording results and posting results on the scoreboard.
THE CONTROL LOG
The control log shall have several sections.
1. The serial numbers and calibration data for each altimeter.
2. The serial number and competitor name/number to which the specific altimeter and fully charged
battery is issued. The organizer’s representative and the competitor must initial the log.
3. The log shall also record data when the specific altimeter is returned, by whom and in what
condition also initialed by the organizers representative and the competitor.
4. The log should also contain documentation for each country competing in altitude events, the
number of competitors that will be using altimeters and documentation of the funds deposited for
the issuance of the altimeter.
While not secret information, the calibration logs should not be opened to public scrutiny or used in altimeter
selection by the competitor.
The altimeters, logs and flight cards should be stored in a secure location when not in use. A locked box
impounded and out of the direct sunlight.
The Contest Process
The contest process consists of the following steps:
A. Classical Electronic Altimeters
•The competitor shall take his/her model to the launch site. When ready, the competitor, with one of the
launch site monitors, would go to the Altimeter Management station to check out an altimeter.
•The Organizer’s representatives would document in the log the competitor’s name, competition number
and the serial number of the altimeter being checked out. The Organizer’s representative would also
complete a flight card for the competitor, including the serial number of the altimeter. (This is done by
powering on the altimeter while pressing the reset button. The serial number will be displayed.) Both the
log and the competitor’s flight card must be initialed by the competitor and the organiser’s
representative.
•The altimeter and fully charged battery would then be issued to the launch site monitor. The competitor,
the launch site monitor with altimeter, battery, and flight card would return to the launch site.
•At the launch site, the altimeter will be installed in the model, by the competitor. The model is then
presented to the launch site monitor who will ”make a mark” on the model verifying the altimeter is
installed.
•The competitor is ready to fly.
•At the competitor’s prerogative, in coordination with the RSO, the model will fly.
•The competitor will retrieve the model and return to the launch site. At that time the launch site monitors
will verify their mark and that the altimeter has not been removed since the launch. The retrieval will be
noted on the flight card.
•Should the competitor come upon his/her model in the recovery area and it is apparent the altimeter
and/or model are in a condition that may present a concern that the model has been tampered with, the
competitor should call for a review by a field monitor. If the field monitor can determine beyond any
doubt the model has not been tampered with, the field monitor can escort the competitor and model to
the flight lane. If there is any question in the mind of the field monitor, they can declare track lost (TL)
and the competitor may fly the round again. *
•Should the competitor return to the launch site for inspection by the launch site monitor and there is
question of whether the model has been tampered with the monitor can request a track lost from the
Organizer.

• In most cases this issue will arise when it appears the “mark” made by the monitor has been tampered

with in such a manner that suspicion is aroused. In all cases track lost must be established prior to
taking the altitude reading from the model.
•If the competitor returns to the flight lane and the altimeter has malfunctioned, the flight will be declared
a track lost and the competitor may fly the round again.
•The competitor will remove the altimeter from the model and present it to the launch site monitor. The
launch site monitor will observe the altimeter output and document the result on the flight card. The
competitor will also sign the flight verifying their agreement with the altimeter readout.
•The launch site monitor with the competitor will return the altimeter and flight card to the Altimeter
Management Station. The Organizer’s representatives will confirm the altitude, sign the flight card,
power off the altimeter, press the reset button, power on the altimeter and read the serial number. It will
be compared with the flight card and checked in. The altimeter log will be updated to indicate that the
altimeter was returned. The battery will be sent to re-charge and the altimeter returned to the storage
box for the next competitor.
•The flight card will be delivered to the Organizer and the monitor and competitor can return to the
launch site.
•The flight is completed and the result shall be posted at the scoreboard immediately.
B. Advanced Second Generation Electronic Altimeters
•A competitor prepares his model for flight. He takes his engines from the launch site monitor and puts
them in his model.
•When the model is ready for flight the competitor goes with one of the launch site monitors and his flight
card to the Altimeter Management Station to obtain an altimeter and a battery.
•An altimeter is taken from a box, the competitor’s data (his start number, country and his first and last
names) is loaded into its memory and the serial number of the altimeter is recorded on the flight card.
•When the data is loaded, the altimeter and battery are fitted into the model’s altimeter housing, secured
and given to the competitor.
•The competitor is escorted, by the launch site monitor, to the launching site and puts his model on the
launch pad.
•The launch site monitor informs the RSO about model’s readiness for launch.
•The launch site monitor records exact time of take-off in the flight card and he watches the model
during its flight and retrieval.
•When the model is retrieved the competitor reports to the launch site monitor, who records time of
retrieval on the flight card and goes with the competitor, and his model, to the Altimeter Management
Station to report the result.
•At the Altimeter Management Station the model is first checked to verify the altimeter housing has not
been tampered with. The competitor then removes the altimeter from his model and passes it to one of
the Altimeter Management controllers who connects it to a computer to read the peak altitude and other
flight data.
•The Altimeter Management Station controller and launch site monitor compare the data from the
starting card and altimeter’s readings.
•If the data is correct the controller records the model flight data on the computer, saves it in computer
memory and reads the altitude of the model.
•The altitude is written on the flight card and the result is reported to the results center to be recorded
and posted at the scoreboard.
•Once the data is recorded, and confirmed by the signature of the competitor who agrees with the data,
the controller resets the altimeter and puts it in a box with other altimeters.
•If the altimeter is damaged and/or is not able to give a proper result because of malfunction for any
reasonable reason, the flight is registered as TL (track lost) and the competitor may re-fly.
•If a competitor does not return his model to control i.e. if model with altimeter is lost, he has the right,
within 20 minutes from launch, to ask for TL and re-fly if there is enough time to perform a flight in the
same round.
Depending on the number of competitors, available number of altimeters and other conditions,
competitors can fly in; three rounds of approximately one hour; in groups, with working time of 15 minutes,
until they complete three flights each; or in open time period of about three hours with three opportunities
for every sportsman to perform three flights.
DEPOSIT
Every team shall submit, at registration, a deposit for each altimeter that will be issued. The deposit
must be paid before the contest starts. The deposit shall be an amount of 1.5 to 2 times the cost the
altimeters and batteries and shall be returned when the altimeters and batteries are returned. If an altimeter
and battery is not returned, or is damaged, the deposit shall be retained. The exact amount of the deposit
shall be announced before the beginning of the contest.
If all altimeters per team are lost, during a competition, a new deposit must be paid to allow the team to
continue in the competition.
POST CONTEST ACTIVITIES
Based on the criteria established in the pre-contest organization the altimeters, chargers and batteries
shall be sold or distributed.

Все, пищалка заработала. Правда вольтаж на 1,5в понизился, но вполне устраивает. Отдельное Спасибо Сержу.

уважаемый Serge77!
Хотел спросить, я занимаюсь электроникой и радиоуправлением.
Хотел спросить Вы никогда не разрабатывали систему управления ракетой через ПК?
Не пользовались магнитными спецдатчиками положения?
И еще: не пробовали делать радар для ракеты(чтоб ее положение в компе отображалось?)
Это интересная тема, конечно. Здесь можно будет говорить о самонаведении, об уклонении ракеты от препятствий(сонары).

Недавно успешно провел опыты по управлению с клавиатуры по радиолинии моделью планера. если интересно поделюсь.

Заранее пасиб!