Заключение ICAO, уперто отсюда:
Конференция iXBT.com
"KAL 007 - ICAO conclusions
Conclusions of the ICAO fact-finding investigation on the
Korean Air Lines Flight 007 shootdown on August 31, 1983 near Sakhalin
Source: Destruction of Korean Air Lines Boeing 747 on 31 August 1983 :
report of the completion of the ICAO fact-finding investigation / International
Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). - Montreal : ICAO, 1993. - 65 p. :
Attachment B to State letter 93/68
3. CONCLUSIONS
3.1 The flight crew was properly certificated and qualified for the flight.
3.2 The flight crew were physically fit but extended time zone crossings and the level of utilization of crew flight and duty times had the potential for one or more of the flight crew to experience fatigue and a reduction of situational awareness.
3.3 The aircraft was properly certificated and had been maintained in accordance with approved procedures. The aircraft was serviceable when dispatched from Anchorage.
3.4 There was no indication of an in-flight failure of the navigation systems, the weather radar, the instrumentation or other equipment of the aircraft.
3.5 The adjustment of the departure time for the flight was in accordance with Korean Air Lines' standard practice.
3.6 The actual time of departure of KE 007 would have resulted in an on-time arrival in Seoul .
3.7 KE 007 turned to a magnetic heading of about 245" which it reached three minutes after lift-off and then maintained until the attack.
3.8 KE 007 passed approximately 6 NM north of Cairn Mountain NDB and 12 NM north of Bethel VORTAC.
3.9 The maintenance of a constant magnetic heading and the resulting track deviation was due to the crew's failure to note that the autopilot had either been left in heading mode or had been switched to INS when the aircraft was beyond the range (7.5 NM) for the INS to capture the desired track.
3.10 The maintenance of a constant magnetic heading was not due to any aircraft system malfunction.
3.11 The autopilot was not controlled by an INS.
3.12 Manual control of the autopilot was not exercised by the crew by the use of heading selection.
3.13 The flight crew's failure to detect that the navigation systems had not been selected correctly to maintain the desired track may have been contributed to by inadequate displays of the operative modes selected.
3.14 The flight crew did not implement the proper navigation procedures to ensure the aircraft remained on its assigned track throughout the flight.
3.15 The failure to detect the aircraft's deviation from its assigned track for over five hours indicated a lack of situational awareness and flight deck co-ordination on the part of the crew.
3.16 Korean Air Lines training procedures on the use of INS were adequate.
3.17 The flight crew had the necessary training and experience in long-range navigation procedures.
3.18 The deviation from its assigned track resulted in KE 007 penetrating USSR sovereign airspace over Kamchatka Peninsula and Sakhalin Island and the surrounding territorial waters.
3.19 According to the representatives of the United States, the military radar installations in Alaska were not aware in real time that the aircraft was proceeding west with an increasing northerly deviation from the recognized airways system.
3.20 KE 007 proceeded westbound out of the Alaskan ADIZ, through the Alaskan DEWIZ and the Alaskan Air Command buffer zone well north of R20. According to the representatives of the United States, no radar observations were made of a westbound aircraft north of R20 and crossing the Alaskan identification zones.
3.21 There were no indications that the crew of KE 007 deliberately maintained a constant magnetic heading.
3.22 There was a normal, relaxed atmosphere on the flight deck of KE 007.
3.23 The proximity of an RC-135 (a United States intelligence aircraft) and KE 007 northeast of Kamchatka Peninsula resulted in confusion and the assumption by the USSR air defence that the aircraft proceeding towards the USSR was an RC-135.
3.24 USSR military aircraft attempted to intercept KE 007 over Kamchatka Peninsula.
3.25 Information was freely available to flight crews that an aircraft penetrating prohibited areas of USSR sovereign airspace over Kamchatka Peninsula and Sakhalin Island might be fired upon without warning.
3.26 The USSR air defence command centre personnel on Sakhalin Island were concerned with the position of the intruder aircraft in relation to USSR sovereign airspace as well as its identity.
3.27 The time factor became paramount in the USSR air defence command centres as the intruder aircraft was about to coast out from Sakhalin Island.
3.28 Exhaustive efforts to identify the intruder aircraft were not made, although apparently some doubt remained regarding its identity.
3.29 USSR military aircraft intercepted KE 007 over Sakhalin Island.
3.30 It was not possible to assess the distance of the interceptor aircraft from the intruder nor their relative positions when the interceptor's lights were flashed and the cannon fired.
3.31 The USSR military aircraft did not comply with the ICAO standards and recommended practices for interception of civil aircraft before attacking KE 007.
3.32 The USSR air defence command assumed that KE 007 was a United States RC-135 reconnaissance aircraft before they ordered its destruction.
3.33 The military radar installations of the Japanese Defence Agency were aware that an aircraft was tracking into USSR airspace over Sakhalin Island. According to the representatives of Japan. they were not aware that it was a civil aircraft off its intended track.
3.34 According to the representatives of Japan KE 007 was squawking SSR code 1300 when observed by the Japanese military radar installations.
3.35 It was common practice among flight crews to squawk a non-discrete SSR code ending with zero zero before selecting code 2000 for entry into Tokyo radar controlled airspace in the vicinity of NOHO.
3.36 The flight crew of KE 007 was not aware of the presence of the USSR interceptor aircraft before or at the time of the attack.
3.37 KE 007 was hit by at least one of two air-to-air missiles fired from a USSR SU-15 interceptor aircraft.
3.38 As a result of the attack there was substantial damage to KE 007 which affected the controllability of the aircraft and caused a loss of cabin pressure. The flight crew of KE 007 retained limited control of the aircraft and responded correctly to the loss of cabin pressure.
3.39 It was not possible to determine the position of KE 007 at the time of the missile attack in relation to USSR sovereign airspace.
3.40 The flight recorders simultaneously ceased operation 1 minute 44 seconds after the missile impact.
3.41 The aircraft descended in a spiral and radar contact was lost at 5 000 metres at 18:35 hours. It could not be established whether the crew was able to maintain limited control.
3.42 The aircraft was destroyed on impact with the sea. The impact was not survivable.
3.43 During the interception USSR rescue services were alerted and following the destruction of KE 007 they were directed to the area.
3.44 The Tokyo ACC and RCC took the appropriate steps to alert the emergency services when the aircraft became overdue."