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These cameras, for 1971 and 1974 low-orbit survey [т.е. для Луны-19 и -22], were designed to produce long, high-quality panoramas of the lunar surface. They used a photomultiplier tube (4) as the detector, with a spinning prism to scan a 180° "cylindrical fisheye" image. The scan rate was 4 lines per second. From an altitude of 100 kilometers, the craft could resolve 100 meters along the direction of scanning, and 400 meters along the perpendicular direction of flight. The images extend to the lunar horizon, which was used to help calculate the precise orbital motion of the satellite.

Soviet Space Cameras

For deep space missions, Soviet designers eschewed vidicon tube cameras, unlike their American counterparts. Television tubes suffered from low resolution, pincushion and barrel distortion, uneven cathode brightness, and generally poor picture quality. In the context of distant planetary imaging, low telemetry rates would require the storage of video images or very slow readout of the photocathode, both problematic tasks then. For surveying a landscape, a mechanism would be needed to pan a television camera across the scene. // Дальше — www.mentallandscape.com

 

 

V_Luna22b.jpg @ www.mentallandscape.com [кеш]